https://www.pharmacymcqs.com/2019/06/exam-points-to-remember-set-30.html
Pharmacist Exam

https://www.pharmacymcqs.com/2019/06/exam-points-to-remember-set-30.html
  1. Endotoxins are present mostly in gram-ve bacteria as an integral structural component of their outermost membrane. Endotoxin is also present in one g+ve bacteria, i.e. Listeria monocytogenes.
  2. Endotoxins are chemically lipopolysaccharides which makes them heat resistant.
  3. The lipid component of the endotoxin structure is pathogenic but not immunogenic while the polysaccharide component is immunogenic but not pathogenic.
  4. The lipid component of the endotoxin is the same in all the gram-ve bacteria which means they all will produce similar pathologies while the polysaccharide component of endotoxin is different for different bacteria which aids in identification of the specific bacteria that is involved in pathogenesis.
  5. Immunogenic means that the particular substance will poke our immune system to make antibodies against it.
  6. Endotoxins are released upon the death or disintegration of the gram-ve bacteria.
  7. Exotoxins are secreted by both the gram+ve and gram-ve bacteria.
  8. The endotoxins being integral to g-ve bacteria structure are expressed through bacterial chromosomes while the exotoxins expression may be through bacterial chromosomes, plasmids or bacteriophage DNA.
  9. Exotoxins are made up of proteins which makes them heat labile since proteins denaturation occurs upon certain heat.
  10. For endotoxin, there is no vaccine available. This is due to the fact that the pathogenic component of the endotoxin is non-immunogenic. On the other hand, vaccines are available for exotoxins owing to the fact of them being immunogenic.

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